12% of children snore habitually. Studies have shown that 1% to 3% of preschool children who snore have ‘obstructive sleep apnea’ (OSA). OSA can be found in children of all ages but is most common in two to six year olds. The airway obstruction in OSA can disrupt sleep and cause oxygen deprivation.
The consequences of the affected children laboring and compensating to increase the airflow are many. The facial development and tooth alignment may be affected. The concomitant mouth breathing can predispose the children to a dry mouth, tooth decay, and gum irritation. The children may also exhibit poor school performance due to excessive daytime sleepiness, hyperactivity, aggressive behavior, and social withdrawal. Whereas adults with OSA are prone to sleep arousal without complete awakening, children may suffer from hours of partial airway obstruction without sleep arousal. Children that snore often do not get enough sleep.
Some leading causative factors for OSA in children are enlarged tonsils and adenoids, craniofacial anomalies, and obesity. Children with Down’s Syndrome are at high risk. However, not all children with enlarged tonsils or adenoids, or craniofacial anomalies, or obesity, or Down’s Syndrome, are necessarily affected.
Parents describe OSA episodes as labored breathing with no airflow followed by gasping or choking. Breathing is usually normal while the child is awake. A special test called a polysomnograph can help diagnose OSA. Treatments include the removal of the tonsils and adenoids; continuous positive airway pressure treatment; weight loss for obese patients; special mouth devices to reposition the tongue and/or the lower jaw (adults mostly); and surgery on the uvula, tonsils, palate, and pharynx (adults mostly).
Early diagnosis and treatment can avoid needless suffering. Parents who are unsure if their children are affected by this problem should speak to their pediatrician.
Post credits: http://www.pittsfordpediatricdentistry.com/dental_topics.htm#Beyond_Snoring
